TIMUCUA INDIANS

See also the next section, Timucua Pictures

See also the section below, European Conquest of Florida

See also the section above, Overviews of Native American History

• TIMUCUA: LOTS OF INFO & PICS -- Provided by JacksonvilleStory.com.

• TIMUCUA: LOTS OF INFO -- From a website copyrighted by the Timucuan Federation, duPont YMCA.

• TIMUCUA INDIANS -- Florida Times-Union article entitled "The Timucua: A Civilization that Flourished at River's Edge," by Simon Barker-Benfield.

• TIMUCUA INDIANS -- Beautifully illustrated website called "A Step Back in Time."  Includes photos of reproductions of Timucua tools and campsite.  

• 'THE TIMUCUANS:  FLORIDA'S LARGEST GROUP OF ABORIGINAL INDIANS" -- Nicely illustrated web page prepared by the Ocala [Florida] Star-Banner.

• LOCATIONS OF TIMUCUA SETTLEMENTS -- Where did the Timucuans live?  This web page gives a map that shows the locations of Florida's Indians.   The web page is provided by the Jacksonville Electric Authority.

• TIMUCUA INDIANS -- Info about the Timucua, from an unnamed website.

• TIMUCUA INFO -- Info about early Florida Indians, particularly the Timucua.  From "Florida for Families."

• "WHO WERE THE TIMUCUAS?" -- From the Jacksonville Electric Authority

• "TIMUCUA INDIANS: AFTER THE EUROPEANS CAME (1562-1767)" -- From the Jacksonville Electric Authority

• DISAPPEARANCE OF THE TIMUCUA -- What happened to the Timucuan?  This site discusses their fate.  Is entitled "Missions, Timucuans, and the Aucilla," by Jerald T. Milanich.

• "TIMUCUA KID PAGE" -- From the Jacksonville Electric Authority

• THE BLACK DRINK -- A description of the Black Drink, a Timucuan beverage that contained caffeine, like coffee.  From the Jacksonville Electric Authority.  

• LANGUAGE -- Many words from the Timucua language.  From a website copyrighted by the Timucuan Federation, duPont YMCA.

• INDIAN MIDDENS -- Interesting description of what you might find in a Florida midden.  From the University Press of Florida.  BACKGROUND INFO: Middens were sort of like trash heaps in Native American villages.  Middens were created from shells, bones, & other refuse from daily living.  They now provide important evidence of how Native Americans lived.

• DENT MOUND ON PELOTES ISLAND -- Description provided by Jacksonville Electric Authority.  BACKGROUND INFO: Dent Mound is an Indian burial site, and Pelotes Island is located northeast of the Dames Point Bridge in Jacksonville.  Pelotes Island is contained within the E. Dale Joyner Nature Preserve, which is owned and operated by the St. Johns River Power Park.  

• CLARENCE B. MOORE -- Florida Times Union article entitled "Millennium Moment: May 2, 1895," by Simon Barker-Benfield.  Tells about the prominent archaeologist Clarence B. Moore.  BACKGROUND INFO: Moore excavated many Indian sites in the South, including Jacksonville locations.  His work took place during the late 1899s & early 1900s. 

• TIMUCUA NATIONAL PRESERVE -- Homepage for the Timucua National Preserve, from the National Park Service.

• TIMUCUAN ECOLOGICAL PRESERVE -- Jacksonville Business Journal article entitled "The Wonders of Nature and the Ghosts of History Come Together in the Land of ... The Timucuan," by Timothy Allen Gilmore.  Give historical info about the Theodore Roosevelt Area of the Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve, which contains the Fort Caroline National Memorial, a 16th century French settlement, and Kingsley Plantation.

• TIMUCUAN ECOLOGICAL PRESERVE -- A brief history of the Native Americans who lived at the location of today's Timucuan Ecological Preserve in Duval County.  From GORP.com.

• ARCHAEOLOGICAL FILES & REPORTS -- Native American info from various archaeological files & reports.  From a website maintained by the State of Florida. 

TIMUCUA PICTURES

• PICTURES OF THE TIMUCUA -- Detailed Timucuan pictures that are suitable for coloring.  The web page is provided by the Jacksonville Electric Authority.  

• PICTURES -- VERY EARLY -- This website provides the entire text of book about the Florida travels of Jacques Le Moyne.  Include illustrations.  BACKGROUND INFO: Le Moyne was an artist who arrived in Florida in 1564.  He accompanied the French expedition under René Goulaine de Laudonnière.  Le Moyne's pictures of the Timucuan Indians have been widely reproduced.  From web pages provided by the Florida Heritage Project.  

• PICTURES -- VERY EARLY -- This web page presents pictures of Timucuan Indians.  They were drawn by the French artist Jacques Le Moyne during the 1560s.  Web page is from the Jacksonville Electric Authority.

• PICTURES -- VERY EARLY -- Page-by-page descriptions of Jacques Le Moyne's drawings.  Includes the illustrations.  Provided on a website called "Historical Prints."

• PICTURES -- VERY EARLY -- Pictures of the Timucuan Indians.  Are from Theodore De Bry, an artist from the early 1600s.  He based his pictures on those of Jacques Le Moyne.  From a web page entitled "Indians of North America: Theodore De Bry Woodcuts."

• NARRATIVE OF LE MOYNE -- Narrative of Le Moyne: An Artist who Accompanied the French expedition to Florida under Laudonnière (1564; includes pictures of the Timucua) is available online in its entirety.  It is being provided by the Florida Heritage Collection.

EUROPEAN CONQUEST OF FLORIDA

See also the above section, Timucua Indians

• EXPLORATION OF AMERICA -- Long list of links to websites about the exploration of America.  From "Discoverer's Web."

• EXPLORATION OF AMERICA -- Additional links to websites about the exploration of America.  From "Discoverer's Web."

• "SPANISH EXPLORATION & CONQUEST OF NATIVE AMERICA" -- From FloridaHistory.com.

• "TIMUCUA INDIANS: AFTER THE EUROPEANS CAME (1562-1767)" -- From the Jacksonville Electric Authority

• INFLUENCE OF SPANISH SETTLERS & NATIVE AMERICANS ON EACH OTHER -- This web page describes how the Spanish and Native American peoples influenced each other.  Includes info about food, animals, & disease.  Web page is entitled "Dreams of Empire: The Legacies of Contact," by Sherry Johnson.  From the website "Myths and Dreams: Exploring the Cultural Legacies of Florida and the Caribbean."

• ANCIENT CANOES -- Listen to an audio report entitled  "The Ancient Canoes." Tells about the discovery of over 100 prehistoric canoes in Alachua County, about 60 miles southwest of downtown Jacksonville .  Provided by the Florida Humanities Council.  NOTE: When you get to the webpage, click on the heading "Last Month's Programs."  Keep clicking this heading until you get to the page that contains the audio report you want. 

SEMINOLE INDIANS

See also the next section, Seminole Wars

See also the section below, Osceola

• SEMINOLE HISTORY -- Lots of info, including a timeline.  From the official website of the Florida Seminole Indians.

• SEMINOLE HISTORY OVERVIEW -- Furnished by the State of Florida.

• SEMINOLE HISTORY -- From "Absolutely Florida."

• SEMINOLE HISTORY -- From "Florida Military Historians."

• HISTORY OF SEMINOLE & MICCOSUKEE INDIANS -- Web page entitled "Florida Seminole and Miccosukee Indians: Trade, Change, Adaptation and Innovation," by Dorothy Downs.  Part of the excellent website called "Myths and Dreams: Exploring the Cultural Legacies of Florida and the Caribbean."  

• AFRICAN AMERICAN & SEMINOLE RELATIONS -- A lengthy history of the relations between African Americans and Native Americans in Florida, concentrating on the Seminoles.  Info about Zephaniah & Anna Kingsley is also provided.  From a study sponsored by the U.S. Department of Defense.

• BLACK SEMINOLES IN FLORIDA -- From the University of Texas Institute of Texan Cultures (ITC) at San Antonio.

• BLACK SEMINOLES -- "The Black Seminoles' Long Road to Freedom." 

• "FREE BLACKS IN FLORIDA" -- Includes info about free blacks living among the Seminoles.

• BLACK SEMINOLES -- Article entitled "UF Researchers Launch First Excavation of Black Seminole Town." Gives info about the role of Black Seminoles.  Provided by the "University of Florida Digest."

• BLACK SEMINOLES -- Article by Pam Davis, provided by "Black Excellence in World History."

• BLACK SEMINOLE VILLAGE IN CENTRAL FLORIDA -- Listen to an audio report entitled "Uncovering a Black Seminole Village."  Tells about the research of an old village site in Central Florida .  Provided by the Florida Humanities Council.  NOTE: When you get to the webpage, click on the heading "Last Month's Programs."  Keep clicking this heading until you get to the page that contains the audio report you want.

• SEMINOLE CHIEFS -- Article about Florida's famous Seminole leaders, including Osceola.  From the St. Petersburg Times.

SEMINOLE WARS

See also the above section, Seminole Indians

See also the next section, Osceola

• JAX DURING SEMINOLE WARS -- Info about the Seminole War period of Jacksonville can be found in the book History of Jacksonville Florida and Vicinity 1513 to 1924 (by T. Frederick Davis, 1925).  Go to pages 76 - 81.  The entire book is online at the website for the Florida Heritage Collection.  STEP #1 -- When you get to the website, use a keyword search for the following words: "Jacksonville" "vicinity". This will retrieve the book.  STEP #2 -- Click on the link "Electronic resource (JPEG)."  This will retrieve the screen that allows you to choose a page number. STEP #3 -- Go to the bottom of the screen & select a page number.  This will open the book at that page.

• SEMINOLE WARS -- Overview of the Seminole wars.  Furnished by the State of Florida. NOTE:  When you get to this web page, scroll to the bottom for more Native American links.

• SEMINOLE WARS -- Lots of info about Florida during the Second Seminole War. From a website called "Tour of the Florida Territory during the Seminole (Florida) Wars, 1792-1859."

• SEMINOLE WARS -- History, written by Jane Anderson Jones.

• SEMINOLE WARS -- Synopsis of Seminole wars, from "Bajeca's Vistas."

• SEMINOLE WARS -- Somewhat detailed overview of the wars.  From a web page entitled "Our Family Involvement in the Florida Indian Wars, 1835 - 1856," which focuses on the Langford family.

• SEMINOLE WARS -- Info about the First Florida Seminole War.  From "Florida Military Historians."

• SEMINOLE WARS -- Info about the Second Florida Seminole War.  From "Florida Military Historians."

• SEMINOLE WARS -- Very brief overview of the First, Second, & Third Seminole wars.  From the Tampa Bay History Center.

• SEMINOLE WARS -- Covers the First and Second Seminole war.  Furnished by "Florida Military Historians."

• WAR LOCATIONS IN NORTH FLORIDA -- Info about places in North Florida during the Seminole wars.  From a well-organized website called "Tour of the Florida Territory during the Seminole Wars, 1792-1859." 

• SEMINOLE LEADERS -- Info & pictures, from Osceola Elementary School, St. Augustine.  NOTE: When you get to the web page, see also the Seminole links provided at the bottom.

• BLOCKHOUSE (JACKSONVILLE) -- Info about the blockhouse in Jacksonville.  Provided by JacksonvilleStory.com.  BACKGROUND INFO: During the Seminole wars, blockhouses were small fortifications that were used against attacks by Indians.  During the early 1800s, a blockhouse was situated at the northwest corner of Ocean & Monroe streets in Jacksonville.  This is where the Duval County Voter Registration Office is now located.

• BLOCKHOUSES (SEMINOLE WARS) -- Info about blockhouses, from Jacksonville History Magazine. 

• BLOCKHOUSE IN JAX -- Info about the Jacksonville blockhouse (meant for defense against Indian attacks) can be found in the book History of Jacksonville Florida and Vicinity 1513 to 1924 (by T. Frederick Davis, 1925).  Go to page 77.  The entire book is online at the website for the Florida Heritage Collection.  STEP #1 -- When you get to the website, use a keyword search for the following words: "Jacksonville" "vicinity". This will retrieve the book.  STEP #2 -- Click on the link "Electronic resource (JPEG)."  This will retrieve the screen that allows you to choose a page number. STEP #3 -- Go to the bottom of the screen & select a page number.  This will open the book at that page.

• SOLDIER'S JOURNAL, 2ND SEMINOLE WAR -- Website entitled "Amos Beebe Eaton: A Soldier's Journal of the Second Seminole Indian War."  Journal is from a young lieutenant.  Gives a perspective of the Seminole War from a participant.  Also, it may possibly contain references to Northeast Florida. 

• SCALPING INCIDENT, MANDARIN -- Info about the scalping of a young American woman near Jacksonville during the Second Seminole War.  From a website called "Nassau County, Florida, Genealogy and History."

• SCALPING INCIDENT, MANDARIN -- Info about a Mandarin woman who lived through a scalping can be found in the book History of Jacksonville Florida and Vicinity 1513 to 1924 (by T. Frederick Davis, 1925).  Go to pages 78 - 79.  The entire book is online at the website for the Florida Heritage Collection.  STEP #1 -- When you get to the website, use a keyword search for the following words: "Jacksonville" "vicinity". This will retrieve the book.  STEP #2 -- Click on the link "Electronic resource (JPEG)."  This will retrieve the screen that allows you to choose a page number. STEP #3 -- Go to the bottom of the screen & select a page number.  This will open the book at that page.

• SEMINOLE ATTACK, MANDARIN -- Excerpt from a historical fiction novel entitled Rebeckah: A 19th Century Florida Woman, by Theresa Ann White.  Gives the author's interpretation of a
  Seminole raid in the village of Mandarin in 1839.  Note that, although the book Rebeckah is based on historical research, it is historical fiction.

• DADE'S MASSACRE -- Synopsis of Dade's Massacre, one of opening acts of the Second Seminole War. Web page gives contemporary photos of the battleground, as well as an artist's conception of how the battle looked.  From OrlandoHotels.com.  BACKGROUND INFO: The battleground is located about 150 miles southwest of Jacksonville.

OSCEOLA (SEMINOLE CHIEF)

See also the above section, Seminole Wars

See also the above section Seminole Indians

• OSCEOLA -- A profile of Osceola, the famous chief during the Second Seminole War.  Also given are links to other websites about Osceola & the Seminole Indians.  From the website "Myths and Dreams: Exploring the Cultural Legacies of Florida and the Caribbean."  

• OSCEOLA -- Article entitled "Osceola, ca. 1804-1838, Warrior," by Jan Glidewell, of the St. Petersburg Times.

• OSCEOLA -- Info provided by the National Park Service.

• OSCEOLA -- Profile, from a website called "Minorcan Family."

• "OSCEOLA (ASI-YAHOLA, BILL POWELL, TALCY)" -- Profile, from a website entitled "Famous Indian Chiefs."  NOTE: When you get to the page, go about 2/3 down.

• OSCEOLA -- Biography, from FamousAmericans.com.

• OSCEOLA -- Bio, from the "Seminole Football Ultimate Fan Site."

• OSCEOLA -- Article about Florida's famous Seminole leaders, including Osceola.  From the St. Petersburg Times.

• NARRATIVE OF... OSCEOLA -- "A Narrative of the Early Days and Remembrances of Oceola (sic)" (history book from 1841) is available online in its entirety.  It is being provided by the Florida Heritage Collection.

• LOCATION OF OSCEOLA'S CAPTURE -- Article entitled "Historic Site Marking Capture of Seminole Warrior Osceola Vanishing," from The Circle.  This historic spot is located about ten mile south of St. Augustine.

• LOCATION OF OSCEOLA'S CAPTURE -- Article from May 1, 2001, entitled "Zeroing in on Osceola Site County's Goal," by Margo C. Pope, of the St. Augustine Record.  Gives info about the efforts to save the location of Osceola's capture.

ORGANIZATIONS

• THE SEMINOLE TRIBE OF FLORIDA -- Official website

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