Page Two: Prominent People by Occupation in Jacksonville History

NOTE: For a webpage that lists only prominent African Americans, click here. (This page is meant to assist researchers, such as during Black History Month.)

ALSO SEE various categories in the webpages Jacksonville History by Subject and Jacksonville History by Time Period For info about athletes, for example, see Sports & Recreation

ALSO SEE Family History Page Two for online books that contain prominent Floridians, including Jax residents.

VARIOUS INDIVIDUALS

VARIOUS INDIVIDUALS -- Brief Florida Times-Union articles on some of Jacksonville's leading African American citizens. From "A Postcard from the Past."
VARIOUS INDIVIDUALS -- CURRENT LEADERS -- Homepage of the superb website "A Postcard from the Past." Provides profiles of some of the current leaders in Jacksonville's African American community. Also gives a wonderful overview of African American history in Jacksonville. The site is sponsored by the Florida Times Union. Many of the site's individual pages have been indexed in the website in which you are now.
TWELVE BLACK FLORIDIANS -- "Twelve Black Floridians," by Leedell W. Neyland, 1970. Covers the following: Mary McLeod Bethune (education), Eartha M. White (charity, business, etc.), Zora Neale Hurston (author & folklorist), Abraham Lincoln Lewis (business), Robert "Bob" Hayes (sports), Harry Tyson Moore (civil rights martyr), Jonathan C. Gibbs (politics & government), George Henry Starke (medicine), Matthew M. Lewey (journalism), Alonzo Smith "Jake" Gaither (sports), John Robert Edward Lee, Sr. (education), and Father John Edwin Culmer (religion). NOTE: The entire text of this source is available online. It's provided in the wonderful website called the "Florida Heritage Collection," maintained by the State University System of Florida. NOTE: When you get to the website, you can search by keywords. Just type in "Jacksonville," or "Duval County," or other keywords, such as words from a title. ALSO NOTE: Most of the individual Jacksonville items in the Florida Heritage Collection are listed in JacksonvilleStory.com, the site you're now in.
JACKSONVILLE CELEBRITIES -- List & info about famous people born in Jacksonville. From "The Jacksonville Mall."

PROMINENT JAX INDIVIDUALS -- Descriptions of a variety of people prominent in Jacksonville's history. Includes the earliest settlers. Info provided by Jacksonville History Magazine.
LEADING INDIVIDUALS -- Info & pictures for deceased prominent people who either were associated with Jacksonville or were buried in Jacksonville. Includes photos of their graves. From FindADeath.Com.
FAMOUS PEOPLE FROM JACKSONVILLE -- List of famous people born in Jacksonville, from "The Jacksonville Mall."
PROMINENT JAX INDIVIDUALS -- Descriptions of a variety of people prominent in Jacksonville's history. Includes the earliest settlers. Info provided by Jacksonville History Magazine.
VARIOUS JAX INDIVIDUALS -- Links for many prominent Americans, including some from Jacksonville. Provided by Geometry.net.

VARIOUS JAX MUSICIANS -- Links for well-known musicians who have been associated with Jacksonville. From the Musicians' Association of Jacksonville, American Federation of Musicians Local 444. NOTE: When you get to the website, also see the "Follies" link for additional names.
VARIETY OF JAX MUSICIANS & SINGERS -- A wonderful listing & description of notable musicians who have been associated with North Florida. They range from Cannonball Adderly to Dennis Yost. Info supplied on a webpage called "The North Florida Music Hall of Fame." From the North Florida Music Association.
JAX MUSICIANS -- List & links for notable & celebrated Jacksonville musicians. From the website for the Musicians Association of Jacksonville.
HARLEM RENAISSANCE -- Listen to an audio report entitled "Questions from the Harlem Renaissance." Tells about key roles played by Floridians in the important African American cultural outpouring. Provided by the Florida Humanities Council. NOTE: When you get to the webpage, click on the heading "Last Month's Programs." Keep clicking this heading until you get to the page that contains the audio report you want.
FLORIDA HERITAGE COLLECTION -- Info about the subjects on this webpage may be available at the the marvelous "Florida Heritage Collection." This website gives full-text, online copies of hundreds of Florida books. NOTE: When you get to the website, you can search in different ways. These searches include by "Florida Themes" or by "Florida History Timeline." You can also search by "Florida County" and by "Keywords." With keyword searching, just type in "Jacksonville," "Duval County," or other keywords, such as words from a title. ALSO NOTE: Many of the individual Jacksonville items in the Florida Heritage Collection are listed in JacksonvilleStory.com, the site you're now in. However, Jacksonville info can often be found in books about Florida in general. Many of theses books are at the Florida Heritage Collection website.

ENVIRONMENTALISTS

Also see Beaches for info about American Beach.

"BEACH LADY" -- SEE BETSCH, MAVYNEE.
BETSCH, MAVYNEE -- Florida Times-Union article entitled, "An American Beach Original: Mystical Figure Fights for History," by Alliniece T. Andino. Gives a profile of MaVynee Betsch, the "Beach Lady" who lives in American Beach, which is located in Nassau County. BACKGROUND INFO: Betsch is a local activist, a historian, and a great granddaughter of A. L. Lewis, the founder of American Beach. Her sister is Johnetta Betsch Cole, the president of Spelman College.
BETSCH, MAVYNEE -- Florida Times-Union article that describes MaVynee Betsch and American Beach. Article is entitled "The American Dream: WJCT Documentary Tells Story of African-American Beach Community on Amelia Island," by Charlie Patton.
BETSCH, MAVYNEE -- Interesting article entitled "Ma Vynee Oshun Betsch: 'The Beach Lady'," by Kimberly N. Martin, at Blacksonville.com.
BETSCH, MAVYNEE -- Info about Betsch, from a web page called "Our Environment."
BETSCH, MAYNEE -- Florida Times-Union article entitled "'Beach Lady' Faces a Problem ," by Allison Schaefers. Tells about a lack of space for Betsch's collection of mementos of American Beach. Betsch serves as the unofficial archivist of American Beach.
BETSCH, MA VYNEE -- Profile from emagazine.com.

BETSCH, MA VYNEE -- From SunshineParadise.com.

BETSCH, MA VYNEE -- From Asheville Global Report.

BETSCH, MA VYNEE -- From PowerHouseSpeakers.com.

FAMILIES

BOSTWICK FAMILY -- Florida Times-Union article entitled "Keeping Tradition All in the Family," by Jessie-Lynne Kerr. Tells about the Bostwick family, which has lived for many years in Duval County.
HUPEWA FAMILY -- Florida Times-Union article entitled "Book Tells of Black Contributions in U.S.," by Alliniece T. Andino. Tells about the Hupewa family in neighboring Nassau County.
SKINNER FAMILY -- Florida Times-Union article called "Millennium Moment: Jan. 9, 1930," by Bill Foley. Tells about the Skinner family, which has resided in Duval County for generations. A link to a family tree is provided.

GOVERNMENT & LAW ENFORCEMENT

(POLITICIANS, ACTIVISTS, CIVIC LEADERS)

SEE ALSO CIVIL RIGHTS FIGURES

POLITICIANS (VARIETY) -- Index page for PoliticalGraveyard.com. This is an ambitious website that tries to list as many burial places for politicians as possible. Includes those from Jacksonville or Duval County.

BRANTLEY, BOBBY -- Photo & brief info in regard to Bobby Brantley, a former lieutenant governor of Florida who spent much of his youth in Jacksonville. Provided by JacksonvilleStory.com.

BROWARD, NAPOLEON BONAPARTE -- Picture & info for Napoleon Bonaparte Broward, from the State of Florida. BACKGROUND INFO: Broward was the well-known gun runner and Florida governor from Jacksonville during the late 1800s & early 1900s.

BROWARD, NAPOLEON BONAPARTE -- Info about Napoleon Bonaparte Broward, a Duval County native who became Duval's sheriff & Florida's governor. From the website for the Florida Sheriffs Association.

BROWARD, NAPOLEON BONAPARTE -- Picture & info for Broward. From FindADeath.Com.

BROWARD, NAPOLEON BONAPARTE -- Overview of Broward's life. From UnitedStates-Online.com.

BROWARD, NAPOLEON BONAPARTE -- Bio info from Florida Civic Ed.

BROWARD, NAPOLEON BONAPARTE -- "An Important Issue in the Gubernatorial Contest in Florida...." (1903) by Napoleon Bonaparte Broward, either is or will be available online in its entirety. It is being provided by the Florida Heritage Collection.

BROWN, CORRINE -- Florida Times-Union article entitled "Black Voices -- Spotlight on Corrine Brown," from Jacksonville.com. Brown is a well-known African-American lawmaker from Jacksonville.

BROWN, CORRINE -- Corrine Brown's homepage.

BROWN, CORRINE -- From Congress.org.

BROWN, CORRINE -- Info about Brown, and a profile of her congressional district. From the Washington Post.

BROWN, CORRINE -- Florida Times-Union from 1998 article entitled "Congressional Fight Reaching Fever Pitch," by John Dunbar. Gives a profile of Corrine Brown.

BROWN, CORRINE -- A 1996 profile of Brown & her congressional district, from CNN.

BROWN, CORRINE -- From the TREA Senior Citizens League.

BROWN, CORRINE -- From a webpage entitled "Profiles of African Americans in Florida Politics."

BRYANT, FARRIS -- Picture & info for Farris Bryant, a Jacksonville attorney who became Florida governor in the 1960s. Web page furnished by the State of Florida.

BURNS, HAYDON -- Florida Times-Union article entitled "The Jacksonville Story: Haydon Burns, Called Both a Master Magician and Slick Politician, Put Jacksonville on the Map and Kept it There by Wooing Big-Time Businesses and Building, Building, Building," by Bill Foley. Tells about Haydon Burns, a Jacksonville mayor & Florida governor during the mid-1900s.

BURNS, HAYDON -- Picture & information for Haydon Burns, a Jacksonville mayor & Florida governor during the mid-1900s. Web page furnished by the State of Florida.

BURNS, HAYDON -- Florida Times-Union article called "Millennium Moment: March 18, 1960," by Bill Foley. Tells about the campaign of Jacksonville mayor Haydon Burns for Florida governor.

BURNS, HAYDON -- Florida Times-Union article entitled, "Burns Had a Hold of the City," by Bill Foley. Tells about Haydon Burns.

CAHOON, W.B. -- Florida Times-Union article entitled "Millennium Moment: Jan. 8, 1929." Tells about the positive changes that W.B. Cahoon tried to make when taking office in 1929. Foley calls Cahoon the toughest lawman that Duval County ever had.

CARLUCCI, JOE -- Detailed info about the noted political figure Joe Carlucci. From a web page is maintained by the Thomas G. Carpenter Library at the University of North Florida. BACKGROUND INFO: Carlucci served as a Jacksonville city councilman during the 1960s & 1970s and as a state senator during the 1970s & 1980s. One of his sons, Matt, is also very active in Jacksonville city politics and in local historic preservation.

DANIEL, J. J. -- Florida Times-Union editorial entitled "Local Government: Memorial Is Needed." It advocates the building of a memorial to J. J. Daniel. The editorial states that Daniel was the father of Jacksonville's political consolidation in 1968. (This person was also the grandson of the J. J. Daniel who gained recognition in Jacksonville during the later 1800s.)

DANIEL, J. J. -- Florida Times-Union article entitled "Buried Treasures," by Colleen Steffen. Tells about notable people interned in Evergreen Cemetery in Jacksonville. Included is J. J. Daniel. BACKGROUND INFO: During the 1800s, Daniel was a Jacksonville civic leader and the president of the publishing company that owned the Times-Union. He died as a hero during Jacksonville's yellow fever epidemic of 1888.

DEAN, JAMES -- First Coast news item about the reinstatement, years after his death, of the African American Key West judge, James Dean, who lived for a time in Jacksonville.
DEAN, JAMES -- Tampa Tribune item about the reinstatement of James Dean. BACKGROUND -- Dean was the South's first black judge. He was illegally removed from his position in Key West in 1889, and he later moved to Jacksonville.

DELANEY, JOHN A. -- Biographical info for an extremely popular former Jacksonville mayor, who first assumed office in 1995. Furnished by the Florida Coastal School of Law. BACKGROUND INFO: John Delaney is a graduate of Jacksonville's Terry Parker High School. He became the first Republican during the 1900s to be elected to the Office of Mayor in Jacksonville. He went on to become the president of the University of North Florida.

DELANEY, JOHN A. -- St. Petersburg (Florida) Times article entitled "GOP Mayor Woos His City with a Tax," by Thomas C. Tobin. Is from October 9, 2000. This interesting article provides info about Delaney's popularity and his political stances. BACKGROUND INFO: At the time of the article, Delaney had a 90% approval rating in Jacksonville.

DELANEY, JOHN A. -- Biographic info provided by OurCampains.com.

DELANEY, JOHN A. -- Biographic info provided by the University of North Florida.

DICKISION, J. J. -- This website gives the entire contents of the book, Military History of Florida, by J. J. Dickison. This book describes the state's Civil War activities as experienced by Dickison, a colorful Confederate general from Florida. This book is part of the Florida Heritage Collection and was placed online by the State University System of Florida.

DREW, GEORGE FRANKLIN -- Picture & info for Drew, a Florida governor from Jacksonville in the late 1800s. Web page furnished by the State of Florida.

DuVAL, WILLIAM -- Info & pictures for William DuVal, the first civil governor of Florida & the namesake of Duval County. Furnished by the State of Florida.

DuVAL, WILLIAM -- Info from the PoliticalGraveyard.com.

DuVAL, WILLIAM -- From "The Handbook of Texas Online."

DuVAL, WILLIAM -- From Encyclopedia.com.

DuVAL, WILLIAM -- Brief overview of William Pope DuVal's life. From the "US 50" website. NOTE: When you get to the webpage, go about 3/4's down to get to the DuVal info.

DuVAL, WILLIAM -- Info about William DuVal and his family. From the DuVal Family Association.

FLEMING, FRANCIS PHILIP -- Picture & info for Francis Philip Fleming, a Duval County native who became Florida governor in the late 1800s. Web page furnished by the State of Florida.

GIRARDEAU, ARNETTE -- Info about Dr. Arnett E. Girardeau, a Jacksonville dentist. BACKGROUND: In 1982, Girardeau became the first African American man elected to the Florida Senate.

GLOVER, NAT -- Biography from the City of Jacksonville website. BACKGROUND: Glover is the very popular African-American sheriff of Duval County. He was the first African American sheriff elected in Florida in more than 100 years.

GLOVER, NAT -- Florida Times-Union article entitled "Black Voices -- Spotlight on Nat Glover," from Jacksonville.com.

GLOVER, NAT -- Lots of detail about Glover, from the Florida Sheriffs Association.

HART, ISAIAH -- Info about Isaiah Hart, the founder of modern Jacksonville, can be found in the book History of Jacksonville Florida and Vicinity 1513 to 1924 (by T. Frederick Davis, 1925). Go to pages 57 - 58. The entire book is online at the website for the Florida Heritage Collection. STEP #1 -- When you get to the website, use a keyword search for the following words: "Jacksonville" "vicinity". This will retrieve the book. STEP #2 -- Click on the link "Electronic resource (JPEG)." This will retrieve the screen that allows you to choose a page number. STEP #3 -- Go to the bottom of the screen & select a page number. This will open the book at that page.

HART, OSSIAN -- Picture & info for Ossian Hart. The son of Isaiah Hart (the founder of Jacksonville), Ossian Hart became Florida governor during the 1870s. Web page furnished by the State of Florida.

HART, OSSIAN -- Info & picture for Ossian Hart. Also gives a photo of his grave. Furnished by FindADeath.Com.

JACKSON, ANDREW -- Brief info about the famous and controversial Andrew Jackson, after whom Jacksonville was named. Web page furnished by the State of Florida. BACKGROUND INFO: Jackson was a war hero, a Florida governor, and a US president. (By the way, Jackson never visited Jacksonville.)

JACKSON, ANDREW -- Website is called "A Brief Biography of Andrew Jackson 1767-1845." Provides detailed info about Andrew Jackson, the namesake of Jacksonville. NOTE: To find info about Jackson as Florida's governor, look in the chapters called "Eviction of Indians and Taking of Florida" and "Retirement, 1821-1822."

JENNINGS, MAY MANN -- Biographical info from Lakeland [Florida] Ledger. BACKGROUND INFO: The wife of a Florida governor and a native of New Jersey, May Mann Jennings lived in Jacksonville during the late 1800s & early 1900s. She became the best-known woman in the state because of her civic & political work. According to Lakeland Ledger, "May Mann Jennings was Superwoman before the term was coined." Her causes included "women's suffrage, Prohibition, better treatment of prisoners and children, more funding for education, historic preservation, Seminole Indian reservations, fence laws and highway beautification." Jennings also fought to preserve the Everglades.

JENNINGS, MAY MANN -- Info from a webpage called "Reclaiming the Everglades."

JENNINGS, MAY MANN -- Brief info from the P. K. Yonge Library of History.

JENNINGS, MAY MANN -- Two photos in regard to May Mann Jennings, including one of academic regalia that was worn by Jennings in 1929. Furnished by the State of Florida.

LEVY, DAVID -- SEE YULEE, DAVID LEVY

MARTIN, JOHN WELLBORN -- Picture & info for Martin, from the State of Florida. BACKGROUND INFO: John Wellborn Martin was a Jacksonville mayor and Florida governor during the early 1900s.

MARTIN, JOHN WELLBORN -- Picture & info for Martin. Also, a photo of his grave. From a web page furnished by FindADeath.Com.

MATHEWS, JOHN E., JR. -- Detailed info about Mathews, from the Thomas G. Carpenter Library at the University of North Florida. BACKGROUND INFO: John E. Mathews, Jr. was a prominent political figure in Florida during the 1950s & 1960s. He was a life-long resident of Jacksonville. His father, John E. Mathews, Sr., was also in politics, and he served as Chief Justice of the Florida Supreme Court. The Mathews Bridge in Jacksonville is named after John, Sr., due to his success in raising the funds for its construction.

MATHIS, SALLYE -- "New Black Voices: The Growth and Contributions of Sallye Mathis and Mary Singleton in Florida Government" either is or will be available online in its entirety. It is being provided by the Florida Heritage Collection.

NOLAN, MARY -- Florida Times-Union article called "Buried Treasures." Describes notable people who are buried at Evergreen Cemetery in Jacksonville. Provides info about Mary Nolan. BACKGROUND INFO: Born in West Virginia, Mary Nolan was a prominent supporter of women's rights in Jacksonville during the early 1900s.

PEPPER, CLAUDE -- Info about Claude Pepper. From the Department of History, University of Florida.

PEPPER, CLAUDE -- Folio Weekly cover article called "Florida Power & Might." Tells about the legendary battles between Jacksonville businessman Ed Ball and US Senator Claude Pepper during the mid 1900s.

REED, HARRISON -- Picture & info for Harrison Reed, a Jacksonville resident who became Florida governor in the mid 1800s. Web page furnished by the State of Florida.

REED, HARRISON -- Online reproductions of "Letters Relating to the Efforts to Impeach Governor Harrison Reed During the Reconstruction Era." Reed was a Jacksonville resident. Webpages furnished by the State of Florida.

SINGLETON, MARY -- "New Black Voices: The Growth and Contributions of Sallye Mathis and Mary Singleton in Florida Government" either is or will be available online in its entirety. It is being provided by the Florida Heritage Collection.

SOLLEE, ARTHUR N. -- Detailed info about Arthur N. Sollee, from the Thomas G. Carpenter Library at the University of North Florida. BACKGROUND INFO: Sollee served as director of the Jacksonville Expressway Authority from 1956-1972. He exerted a powerful influence on the development of Jacksonville's roads.

STOCKTON, GILCHRIST B. -- Florida Times-Union article entitled "Millennium Moment: Jan. 9, 1930," by Bill Foley. Tells about Jacksonville's Gilchrist B. Stockton, who was foreign minister to Austria during the mid 1900s.

WARREN, FULLER -- Picture & info for Fuller Warren, furnished by the State of Florida. BACKGROUND INFO: Fuller Warren was a Jacksonville attorney who became Florida governor in the mid-1900s. He is the namesake of Jacksonville's Fuller Warren bridge.

WARREN, FULLER -- Florida Times-Union article entitled, "Plowboy from Panhandle Became a Politician without Peer," by Bill Foley. Tells about Fuller Warren.

YULEE, DAVID LEVY -- A profile of David Levy Yulee, from the website "Myths and Dreams: Exploring the Cultural Legacies of Florida and the Caribbean." BACKGROUND INFO: David Levy Yulee was a Jewish man who served as Florida's first senator. Among other achievements, Yulee built railroads that affected the course of Jacksonville's history.

YULEE, DAVID LEVY -- Bio info from Florida Civic Ed.

YULEE, DAVID LEVY -- David Levy and Florida Territorial Politics, by Leslie Stein, either is or will be available online in its entirety. It is being provided by the Florida Heritage Collection.

YULEE, DAVID LEVY -- Florida Times-Union article entitled "Museum losing part of its living history: Fernandina Beach: Yulee re-enactor leaving," by Amelia A. Hart. Tells about a re-enactor who focuses on David Levy Yulee.

LAW ENFORCEMENT -- SEE "GOVERNMENT"

LAWYERS

LAWYERS -- Extensive list of Jacksonville Bar Association members from 1897-1950. Placed online at Rootsweb.com.

LAWYERS -- Bench and Bar of Florida: A Pictorial and Biographical Directory of the Members of the Bench and Bar of Florida (1935) NOTE: The entire text of this source is available online. It's provided in the wonderful website called the "Florida Heritage Collection," maintained by the State University System of Florida. When you get to the website, you can search by keywords. Just type in "Jacksonville," or "Duval County," or other keywords, such as words from a title. ALSO NOTE: Most of the individual Jacksonville items in the Florida Heritage Collection are listed in JacksonvilleStory.com, the site you're now in.

LEE, JOSEPH E. -- Historical info about Joseph E. Lee, who began practice in Jacksonville in the 1870s as the city's first black lawyer. From the Florida Historical Markers Program website.
LEE, JOSEPH E. -- A brief profile of Joseph E. Lee, from the Florida Historical Markers Program. BACKGROUND INFO: Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1849, Lee lived in Jacksonville for some time. During the 1870s, Lee became Jacksonville's first African American lawyer. Among other accomplishments, Lee proved influential in Florida's Republican Party.
MCGILL, SIMUEL DECATUR -- A profile of the African American lawyer Simuel D. McGill, from "Black Family Today Magazine Online." BACKGROUND: Among other achievements, McGill worked on civil rights cases for the NAACP. McGill also labored on a 1923 case that helped lead to Florida's elimination of executions by hanging in 1924.
MCGILL, SIMUEL DECATUR -- Info about McGill, from the Eartha M. M. White Collection at the University of North Florida. BACKGROUND INFO: McGill was best known for his defense of four African-American Florida men, sentenced to death for murdering a white man in 1933. McGill won them a new trial, which resulted in a not guilty verdict.

PHOTOGRAPHERS

WEEMS, ELLIE LEE -- Article entitled "Ellie Lee Weems: 1901-1983," by Adonnica L. Toler, from Blacksonville.com. Provides info about a leading African-American photographer who took pictures of Jacksonville's African-American community. His many negatives and pictures are preserved in a library in Atlanta.

RECREATION PROMOTERS

DWIGHT, DAVID H. -- Article entitled "David H. Dwight, 1882-1959," by Adonnica L. Toler. Tells about a pioneer in the development of Boy Scouts among African Americans in Jacksonville. Article is from the website "Blacksonville.com."
DWIGHT, FLORIDA C. -- Informative article entitled "Florida C. Dwight, 1886-1977," by Adonnica L. Toler. Tells about an educator and pioneer in African-American recreation in Jacksonville. From the website "Blacksonville.com."

SLAVES

CELIA -- Lots of info about Celia's fate and her family's fate. Celia, a slave, was the first female known to be executed in Florida. Info is provided by JacksonvilleStory.com. Info links are located in the Jax Curiosity Shop section of this website. BACKGROUND INFO: Celia was hung in Jacksonville in 1848 for killing Jacob Bryan, her owner. Jacob was Celia's father and was probably also the father of Celia's own children.

CELIA -- Associated Press article entitled "Wuornos scheduled to become third woman executed," by Ron Word. Includes info about Celia, the first female known to be executed in Florida.

SOCIAL WORK

WHITE, EARTHA -- Two links that give a river of info about Eartha White (1876-1974). BACKGROUND INFO: The granddaughter of African American slaves, White may have been the most remarkable woman ever born in Jacksonville. Among her many achievements, the "Angel of Mercy" earned distinction in the field of social work. The webpages about her are furnished by by the Eartha M. M. White Collection at the University of North Florida.
WHITE, EARTHA -- This is the homepage for the Eartha White Collection at the University of North Florida in Jacksonville. Lots of information about Eartha White can be retrieved from this site.
WHITE, EARTHA -- Info about White's life. From the University of Miami.
WHITE, EARTHA -- History of the historic Clara White Mission, furnished by the mission's website.
WHITE, EARTHA -- Info about White, from an online guide called "Discovering Jacksonville and the Surrounding Area: Historical Tours," by Patrick L. Cooney. NOTE: When you get to the website, scroll about 1/2 way down the page.
WHITE, EARTHA -- A nearly five-minute long recording of Eartha White. Gives a moral tale that she heard from her mother, Clara White. The tale is called "The Girl Who Didn't Mind Her Mother." Placed online by the American Memory Collections of the Library of Congress. NOTE: When you get to the website, press the tab "Geographic Location." Next, go to the tab "Clara White Mission." After you press on this tab, the tale by Eartha White will be accessed.
WHITE, EARTHA -- This website gives an online source called "Selections from the Eartha M. M. White Papers." The items in this small selection date from about 1900 to 1950. They cover a hodgepodge of topics in regard to Eartha White. Pictures are also provided. This source is part of the Florida Heritage Collection.
WHITE, EARTHA -- "75th Diamond Birthday Observance of Useful Life of Eartha Mary Magdalene White, 'Doctor of Humanities,'" (Is from 1951) -- NOTE: The entire text of this source is available online. It's provided in the wonderful website called the "Florida Heritage Collection," maintained by the State University System of Florida. When you get to the website, you can search by keywords. Just type in "Jacksonville," or "Duval County," or other keywords, such as words from a title. ALSO NOTE: Most of the individual Jacksonville items in the Florida Heritage Collection are listed in JacksonvilleStory.com, the site you're now in.
WHITE, EARTHA -- PAPERS -- "Selections from the Eartha M.M. White Papers" (A variety of items & pictures having to do with Jacksonville's African-American history during the early 1900s) -- NOTE: The entire text of this source is available online. It's provided in the wonderful website called the "Florida Heritage Collection," maintained by the State University System of Florida. When you get to the website, you can search by keywords. Just type in "Jacksonville," or "Duval County," or other keywords, such as words from a title. ALSO NOTE: Most of the individual Jacksonville items in the Florida Heritage Collection are listed in JacksonvilleStory.com, the site you're now in.

WRITERS & NEWSPEOPLE

BARTRAM, WILLIAM -- This interesting website is called "William Bartram, 1739-1823: Spiritual Naturalist." BACKGROUND INFO: Willima Bartram explored the St. Johns River area during the 1770s. According to the website, he is best known for the story of his exploration of the southeastern American colonies. In addition, Bartram is now recognized as one of the first "spiritual naturalists." He described the joy that he experienced in the power & beauty of nature. During his own time, Bartram received praise for his precise descriptions of specific plants and animals. At the same time, many critics ridiculed him as being too dreamy and impractical. They believed that he felt too much of an emotional attachment to nature. They also accused him of being overly positive in his descriptions of Native Americans.
BARTRAM, WILLIAM, AND JOHN BARTRAM -- Profiles of William Bartram & John Bartram. These profiles are part of the excellent website called "Myths and Dreams: Exploring the Cultural Legacies of Florida and the Caribbean." Also provided are links to other websites about William Bartram.
BARTRAM, WILLIAM -- JOURNAL -- Description of East Florida with a Journal Kept by John Bartram..., by William Stork (1769), either is or will be available online in its entirety. It is being provided by the Florida Heritage Collection.

BENNETT, JAMES WALTER -- Biographical info from a "Brief History of the National Weather Service Office in Jacksonville." Furnished by the National Weather Service. BACKGROUND INFO: Walter James Bennett was a legendary Jacksonville weather forecaster. He was also the father of Charles Bennett, the well-known, former US Congressman from Jacksonville. According to the website, Charles was born in a New York weather station.
CRANE, CORA (AND STEPHEN) -- Lots of info & pics from JacksonvilleStory.com

CRANE, CORA (AND STEPHEN CRANE) -- Florida Times-Union article entitled, "Cora's Career Choice Made for a Tough Obit," by Bill Foley. Tells about Cora Crane.
CRANE, CORA (AND STEPHEN CRANE) -- Info about Stephen & Cora Crane, from a webpage created by Clay Lewis, Emily Kerley, and Katie Kispert.

CRANE, CORA -- See also "Crane, Stephen"
CRANE, STEPHEN -- Lots of info & pics from JacksonvilleStory.com

CRANE, STEPHEN -- Fascinating article entitled "Commodore and Her Loss," by the respected maritime author Edward A. Mueller. Placed online by the Jacksonville Maritime Museum Society. BACKGROUND INFO: The Commodore was a ship that figured into the writing of Stephen Crane's highly acclaimed short story, "The Open Boat." The Commodore also took part in filibustering activities from Jacksonville during the Spanish American War. As for Crane, he also became known around Jacksonville as the consort of Cora Taylor (who later went by "Cora Crane"). Cora managed a well-known “house of joy.”

CRANE, STEPHEN -- Very informative article entitled "Stephen Crane and the Commodore: A Prelude to the Spanish American War." Describes Crane's Jacksonville connections and his fateful trip on the Commodore. From the web page "The Volusia Community History."

CRANE, STEPHEN -- Info about Stephen Crane, from the Boston Globe.

CRANE, STEPHEN -- From Houghton Mifflin.

CRANE, STEPHEN -- Webpage entitled "Notes on Stephen's Crane's Maggie: A Girl of the Streets," from "Randy and Penny's Web Site."

CRANE, STEPHEN -- "Badge of Courage: The Life of Stephen Crane," from BookNotes.org.

CRANE, STEPHEN -- Lot's of links for Stephen Crane, from Geometry.net.

CRANE, STEPHEN -- From "Pegasos."

FOLEY, BILL -- A Florida Times-Union web page set up in memory of the beloved reporter & local reporter, Bill Foley. Includes links to articles & web pages about Foley.

FORTUNE, T. THOMAS -- Web page devoted to Timothy Thomas Fortune. Info furnished by "The African American History Website." BACKGROUND INFO: A civil rights leader, Fortune was also one of the most prominent African American journalists after the Civil War. He was a native Floridian who was associated with Jacksonville. NOTE: When you get to the web site, go the heading "Other Biographies," which is on the left of the page.

FORTUNE, T. THOMAS -- Overview of Fortune's life. Furnished by the History Channel.

HURSTON, ZORA NEAL -- Lakeland [Florida] Ledger about Zora Neal Hurston (1891-1960). BACKGROUND: Hurston was a well-known African American writer & anthropologist. Although not a Jacksonville native, Hurston lived there for a number of years.

HURSTON, ZORA NEALE -- Florida Times-Union article called "Hurston's Work Part of Florida Folklore," by Ann Hyman. Tells about Hurston's gathering of Florida folk tales during the years 1938-1939, when she worked with the Federal Writers Project.

HURSTON, ZORA NEALE -- Info about Hurston from a web site called "Voices from the Gaps: Women Writers of Color." Also provided are many links to other sites about Hurston.

HURSTON, ZORA NEALE -- A profile of Hurston. Also provided are links to other websites about her. Furnished in "Myths and Dreams: Exploring the Cultural Legacies of Florida and the Caribbean."

HURSTON, ZORA NEALE -- A detailed timeline for Hurston's life. From a website maintained by the Zenana Book Club.

HURSTON, ZORA NEALE -- Web page called "Zora Neale Hurston: Genius of the South." Includes links.

HURSTON, ZORA NEALE -- Lots of info & pictures. Website name: "Zora Neale Hurston."

HURSTON, ZORA NEALE -- Actual recordings of Hurston singing and telling a story. Furnished by the State of Florida.

HURSTON, ZORA NEALE -- From Africana.com

HURSTON, ZORA NEALE -- Bio of Hurston from the St. Petersburg Times.

JOHNSON, JAMES WELDON -- Lakeland [Florida] Ledger article on James Weldon Johnson (1871-1938), an African American who was born in Jacksonville and spent a number of years there. BACKGROUND INFO: Johnson accomplished enough for several lifetimes. He was very a very prominent educator, diplomat, writer, poet, songwriter, and civil rights leader. Along with his brother Rosamond, James Weldon Johnson also penned ""Lift Every Voice and Sing." This is widely considered to be the "Black National Anthem."
JOHNSON, JAMES WELDON -- Detailed info about Johnson's life in Jacksonville. From a website called "PAL: Perspectives in American Literature: A Research and Reference Guide." NOTE: When you arrive at the site, scroll toward the bottom to see the info.
JOHNSON, JAMES WELDON -- Article about Johnson's life in Jacksonville. Article is entitled "James Weldon Johnson's Life and Career," by Herman Beavers. From the website "Modern American Poetry."
JOHNSON, JAMES WELDON -- Lots of info & pictures for Johnson. Includes many links. Even includes links to online texts of his writings & poems. From the University of South Carolina.
JOHNSON, JAMES WELDON -- Florida Times-Union article entitled "LaVilla festival Saturday: Celebration will honor Johnson," by John Carter. Provides a good color picture of Johnson.

JOHNSON, JAMES WELDON -- A Florida History & the Arts article entitled "Jacksonville's Native Son." Gives a profile of Johnson.
JOHNSON, JAMES WELDON -- Article entitled "James Weldon Johnson 1871-1938," from "Blacksonville.com."
JOHNSON, JAMES WELDON -- Web page devoted to Johnson. From "The African American History Website." NOTE: When you get to the web site, go the heading "Other Biographies," which is on the left-side of the page.
JOHNSON, JAMES WELDON -- Florida Times-Union article entitled "LaVilla festival Saturday: Celebration will honor Johnson," by John Carter.
JOHNSON, JAMES WELDON -- Info about Johnson. NOTE: When you get to the webpage, go about 1/2 the way down.
JOHNSON, JAMES WELDON -- Bio info from Florida Civic Ed.
JOHNSON, JAMES WELDON -- OVER 100 LINKS -- Links to over 100 websites & webpages about James Weldon Johnson. From Geometry.net.
JOHNSON, JAMES WELDON -- "LIFT EV'RY VOICE" -- Info about Johnson (along with lyrics to "Lift Every Voice and Sing"). From "Gberry's Phi Beta Sigma Page."
JOHNSON, JAMES WELDON -- "LIFT EV'RY VOICE" -- Florida Times-Union article entitled "'Lift Ev'ry Voice and Sing': A Century Later, Jacksonville Children to Re-create First Performance of Song, by Alliniece Taylor. Tells about the 100th anniversary celebration of "Lift Ev'ry Voice and Sing."
JOHNSON, JAMES WELDON -- "LIFT EV'RY VOICE" -- Website that tells where to obtain different recorded versions of "Lift Every Voice and Sing." Includes classical interpretations, traditional quartet gospel singing, and a capella versions. From the "African American History and Heritage Site."
JOHNSON, JAMES WELDON -- POEMS -- Lots of info about Johnson's poetry. From "Modern American Poetry."
JOHNSON, JAMES WELDON -- POEMS -- Text of several of Johnson's poems. From "Jill Diesman's Homepage."

KENNEDY, STETSON -- Lots of info & pictures for Stetson Kennedy. From StetsonKennedy.com. BACKGROUND INFO: Born in Jacksonville in 1916, the legendary Stetson Kennedy is a popular writer, a pioneer folklore collector, and a celebrated warrior against the Ku Klux Klan. During the 1940s, Kennedy was called "America's #1 Klan Buster" due to his investigative writings about the KKK. As the website notes, Kennedy could be history's first investigative reporter.
KENNEDY, STETSON -- Info about Kennedy from StetsonKennedy.net.
KENNEDY, STETSON -- Palm Beach Post article about Kennedy entitled "The Original Angry Young Man Still Finding Wrongs to Right...," by Louis J. Salome.
KENNEDY, STETSON -- Profile of Stetson Kennedy. From "Culture Cafe." BACKGROUND INFO: As the website notes, Kennedy may have been the first investigative historian.
KENNEDY, STETSON -- Info about Kennedy, from the website "Florida Folklife from the WPA Collections 1937-1942."
KENNEDY, STETSON -- Miami.com article about Kennedy's collecting of Florida folklore during the Great Depression.
KENNEDY, STETSON -- Florida Times-Union article entitled "White voice for blacks tells of lonely struggle: Rights icon joined Klan to expose it." By Alliniece T. Andino. Tells about the legendary Stetson Kennedy.

MENARD, JOHN WILLIS -- Listen to an audio report entitled "John Willis Menard: Florida's Reconstruction Poet." Tells about an African American politician, journalist, & poet who lived for a time in Jacksonville after the Civil War. Provided by the Florida Humanities Council. NOTE: When you get to the webpage, click on the heading "Last Month's Programs." Keep clicking this heading until you get to the page that contains the audio report you want.

MENARD, JOHN WILLIS -- Info from a webpage entitled "John Willis Menard," by Spessard Stone.

MENARD, JOHN WILLIS -- Info from a webpage entitled "Lays in a Summer Land," by Spessard Stone. Tells about a book written by Menard.

SHUFTEN, JOHN -- A picture & profile of John Shuften, from "Black Family Today Magazine Online." BACKGROUND: Shuften moved to Jacksonville during the latter 1800s. He became one of Florida's first black journalists.

SIMPSON, MARY WOOTEN -- Florida Times-Union article entitled "Black Voices -- Spotlight on Mary Wooten Simpson," from Jacksonville.com. BACKGROUND INFO: Simpson is the publisher of The Florida Star, a weekly newspaper founded in 1951 to serve Jacksonville's African-American community. The paper was established by Mary Wooten Simpson's late husband, Eric O. Simpson. Mary Wooten Simpson is a native of Jacksonville and a former principal.

STOWE, HARRIET BEECHER -- Florida Times-Union article entitled "Author Brought the Yankees to the Area, Again," by Mary Jo McTammany. Tells about Harriet Beecher Stowe's residence in Duval County & Clay County. BACKGROUND INFO: Harriet Beecher Stowe, the famous author of Uncle Tom's Cabin, spent some winters in Mandarin during the late 1800s. Her writing about Florida helped to attract Northern people both as tourists & as new residents. Just as she had been an strong advocate of ending slavery, Stowe was a champion of improved conditions for the freed slaves. As a result, she established a Freedman's Bureau in Mandarin.
STOWE, HARRIET BEECHER -- Florida Times-Union article entitled "New Edition of Old Mandarin: Stowe's 1872 Book to be Issued Anew," by Dan Scanlan. Gives historical info about Stowe in Mandarin.
STOWE, HARRIET BEECHER -- Brief info about Stowe in Mandarin, from the Florida Historical Markers program.
STOWE, HARRIET BEECHER -- Quick info about Stowe in Mandarin. From a web site called "Discovering Jacksonville and the Surrounding Area: Historical Tours."
STOWE, HARRIET BEECHER -- Some info about Stowe's impact on the Mandarin area during the late 1800s. From a book review of Beechers, Stowes, and Yankee Strangers: The Transformation of Florida. Book is by John T. Foster Jr. & Sarah Whitmer Foster (1999). Book review is from "Civil War Book News." BACKGROUND INFO: According to this website's review of Beechers, Stowes, and Yankee Strangers, Harriett and her brother Charles wanted to transform Florida into a sanctuary for freed slaves & progressive northerners. They wanted Florida to be unhindered by the racial divisions in the rest of the South. They worked with Chloe Merrick Reed, the wife of a Florida governor, to improve education, religion, politics, economics, and social & racial relationships. They proved very influential in changing Jacksonville from a small town to a energetic city.
STOWE, HARRIET BEECHER -- Snippets of info about Stowe's impact on the Mandarin area during the late 1800s. From a book review of Beechers, Stowes, and Yankee Strangers: The Transformation of Florida. Book is by John T. Foster Jr. & Sarah Whitmer Foster (1999). Book review is from The Journal of American History.
STOWE, HARRIET BEECHER -- Many details about Stowe's life, from the Harriet Beecher Stowe Center.
STOWE, HARRIET BEECHER -- Info about Stowe's life, from the University of Miami.
STOWE, HARRIET BEECHER -- Bio of Stowe, along with links. From "A Celebration of Women Writers."
STOWE, HARRIET BEECHER -- Listen to an audio report entitled "Harriet Beecher Stowe." Provided by the Florida Humanities Council. NOTE: When you get to the webpage, click on the heading "Last Month's Programs." Keep clicking this heading until you get to the page that contains the audio report you want.
STOWE, HARRIET BEECHER -- Interpretations of Uncle Tom's Cabin. From "The Classic Text: Harriet Beecher Stowe."
STOWE, HARRIET BEECHER -- Over 50 links to Stowe websites & web pages. From Geometry.com
STOWE, HARRIET BEECHER -- Contemporary photos of what is supposed to be Harriet Beecher Stowe's old Mandarin house. From an unnamed personal webpage. BACKGROUND INFO: Actually, her house was demolished during the early 1900s. The photos appear to show another dwelling on the old location.
WOOD, WAYNE W. -- Florida Times-Union article entitled "Preservation Pioneer Still Standing Tall," by Charlie Patton. Provides information about the prominent Jacksonville preservationist, historian, and writer, Wayne W. Wood, who is the principle author of the classic Jacksonville's Architectural Heritage: Landmarks for the Future and the co-author of the popular The Great First of 1901.

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