SCHOOL INTEGRATION

• HISTORY OF SCHOOL DESEGREGATION IN DUVAL COUNTY -- A detailed overview of some of the laws that brought school integration to Duval County.  Covers from the 1960s through the 1990s.  From the Jacksonville Community Council Inc.  NOTE:  When you get to the web page, click on the heading "Beyond the Talk: Improving Race Relations Study."  When the next page appears, click on  "History of Litigation & School Desegregation."

• SCHOOL DESEGREGATION -- A Florida Times-Union web page that is an excellent source for info about the desegregation of Duval County's schools.  To start with, the web page provides an article entitled "The Details Took Decades to Iron Out," by Bill Foley.  This article yields info about historical efforts to integrate Duval County's schools.  The web page also gives links to other articles & documents about recent desegregation events.  These include links to school integration articles from 1997, 1998, & 1999.  

• SCHOOL DESEGRATION -- Florida Times-Union article entitled "Many Still Frustrated by Lingering Injustice," by Susan P. Respess.  Gives info about school desegregation in Jacksonville. 

• SCHOOL DESEGRATION -- Florida Times-Union articles entitled "The Details Took Decades to Iron Out," by Bill Foley and "Ruling ends 39 years of legal battles," by Beau Halton.   NOTE: Webpage includes other links to local school desegregation stories.

• DESEGREGATION OF RAINES HIGH -- The Desegregation of a Historically Black High School in Jacksonville, Florida (Raines High School) by Judith Bockel Poppell either is or will be available online in its entirety.  It is being provided by the Florida Heritage Collection.

• BOYCOTT OF SCHOOLS IN 1966 -- Florida Times-Union article entitled "Jacksonville's Millennium Moment: Oct. 25, 1966," by Tonyaa Weathersbee.  Tells about an African American boycott of Jacksonville's racially-divided schools in 1966.

• SUPERINTENDENT HARDESTY & TURBULENT 1960s & EARLY 1970s -- Florida Times-Union article called "Education Whiz Fixed the System," by Bill Foley.  Tells how School Superintendent Cecil Hardesty led Duval County's schools through a difficult period during the late 1960s & 1970s.

• SCHOOL INTEGRATION IN NORTH FLORIDA DURING 1960s -- Gainesville Sun article entitled "Archivist Collects Black History," by Ashley Rowland.  Tells about the integration of schools in Gainesville, Florida, during the 1960s.  Gives interesting details about the trouble faced by North Florida's black students who enrolled in previously all-white schools.  (Gainesville is located about seventy miles southwest of Jacksonville.)

• 1971 DESEGREGATION AGREEMENT -- The text of the 1971 agreement to end school segregation in Duval County.  Furnished by the Jacksonville Community Council.  NOTE:  When you get to this web page, click on the heading "Beyond the Talk: Improving Race Relations Study."  When the next page appears, click on  "1971 Desegregation Agreement."

• SCHOOL DESEGREGATION DECISION IN 1999 -- The text of the 1999 federal court decision in regard to school segregation in Duval County.  Furnished by the "Jacksonville Learning Center."

• 2001 COURT DECISION -- The text of the agreement in 2001 in regard to school segregation in Duval County.  From the Jacksonville Community Council.  NOTE:  When you get to this web page, click on the heading "Beyond the Talk: Improving Race Relations Study."  When the next page appears, click on  "2001 11th Circuit Court Decision."

SPECIFIC SCHOOLS & COLLEGES

• ANNIE LYTLE ELEMENTARY (SCHOOL NUMBER FOUR)  -- SEE  GHOSTS, MONSTERS, & UFOs

• BALDWIN HIGH SCHOOL -- History of the school, from the high school's website.  The website also provides brief info about the founding of the town of Baldwin.  

• BETHUNE COOKMAN COLLEGE -- History of Bethune Cookman.  From a website furnished by Nova Southeastern University.

• BETHUNE COOKMAN -- History of Bethune Cookman, from the University of Miami Libraries.

• BETHUNE COOKMAN -- Daytona Beach News-Journal article that explains how the opening of Bethune Cookman gave greater economic opportunities to African Americans.

• BOYLAN HAVEN -- Florida Times-Union article entitled, "McFarlin Helped City through Turbulent Time," by Bill Foley. Tells about efforts of Kernaa McFarlin, Jacksonville educator, during the dark days of education in Jacksonville during the late 1960s.  Also imparts info about the Boylan Haven school.

• BOYLAN HAVEN -- "Year Book Boylan School, Under the Auspices of the Woman's Home Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church" (Is from the early 1900s) -- NOTE:  The entire text of this source is available online.  It's provided in the wonderful website called the "Florida Heritage Collection," maintained by the State University System of Florida.  When you get to the website, you can search by keywords.  Just type in "Jacksonville," or "Duval County," or other keywords, such as words from a title.  ALSO NOTE: Most of the individual Jacksonville items in the Florida Heritage Collection are listed in JacksonvilleStory.com, the site you're now in. 

• COOKMAN INSTITUTE -- SEE "BETHUNE COOKMAN COLLEGE"

• DUVAL COUNTY HIGH SCHOOL -- Florida Times-Union article entitled, "Best Team Wasn't Gators or 'Noles," by Bill Foley. Tells about the fabulous 1921 football team of Duval County High School.

• EDWARD WATERS COLLEGE -- A historical sketch of the college, from the college's website. BACKGROUND INFO: Edward Waters College is Florida's oldest independent institution of higher learning.  It is also the state's first institution established for the education of African Americans.

• EDWARD WATERS COLLEGE -- Florida Times-Union article entitled "Preserving Heritage in the Nation's Black Colleges," by Alliniece T. Andino.  Tells about some of the historically black colleges in Florida, including Edward Waters College.

• EDWARD WATERS COLLEGE -- Florida Times-Union article entitled "Campus Buildings Historical," by Alliniece Taylor.  Describes the historical significance of some of the buildings at Edward Waters.

• EDWARD WATERS COLLEGE -- History of EWC.  From a website furnished by Nova Southeastern University.

• EDWARD WATERS COLLEGE -- Historical info about EWC.  From Pertersons.com.

• EDWARD WATERS COLLEGE -- Historical info about EWC.  From the HBCU Network.

• EPISCOPAL HIGH SCHOOL -- Profile & brief history of Episcopal High.  Is from the book Jacksonville: Reflections of Excellence, from Towery Publishing, Inc.

• FLETCHER HIGH SCHOOL -- Florida Times-Union article entitled "TALK OF THE TOWN: Fletcher's first principal part of rich lineage, by Beau Halton.  Tells about Frank Doggett, the founding principal at Fletcher High School in Jacksonville Beach.

• FLORIDA BAPTIST ACADEMY -- "Register of the Florida Baptist Academy, Jacksonville, Florida, with Catalog of Student," (1892) either is or will be available online in its entirety.  It is being provided by the Florida Heritage Collection.

• FLORIDA COMMUNITY COLLEGE AT JACKSONVILLE -- Historical info about the college, from the FCCJ web site.

• FORREST HIGH SCHOOL -- This webpage provides two Florida Times-Union articles that tell about the controversy over the name of Nathan Bedford Forrest High School in Jacksonville. Brief info is also given about the names that were originally considered for the school.  The articles are entitled "Second-Guessing School Name Started Early at Forrest High," by Sandy Strickland, and "Decision on Forrest Better Left to the Kids," by Bill Foley.

• FORREST HIGH SCHOOL -- Florida Times-Union article entitled "ASK JAX: High school named after Klan member."  Tells about Nathan Bedford Forrest High School.

• JACKSON HIGH -- Florida Times-Union article entitled "Then There Were 3 High Schools in City," by Bill Foley.  Tells about the breaking of Duval High School into Lee, Landon, and Jackson high schools during the 1920s.

• JACKSONVILLE BEACH SCHOOLHOUSE -- Florida Times-Union article called "Talk of the Town: Struggling to Preserve Historic Schoolhouse," by Beau Halton.   Gives info about the efforts to save a historic four-room schoolhouse in Jacksonville Beach.  BACKGROUND INFO: During the 1940s & 1950s, the old school had served as a central meeting place for the community & religious needs of Jacksonville Beach's African-Americans.  The school eventually became part of Jacksonville Beach Elementary.

• JACKSONVILLE BEACH SCHOOLHOUSE -- Efforts to save an historic African American schoolhouse.  From StAugustine.com.

• JACKSONVILLE BEACH SCHOOLHOUSE -- Efforts to save an historic African American schoolhouse.  From the The Daytona Beach News-Journal.

• JACKSONVILLE BEACH SCHOOLHOUSE -- Florida Times-Union article entitled "State grant provides boost to schoolhouse preservation," by Caren Burmeister.  Tells about the attempted saving of a historic Jacksonville Beach school.

• JACKSONVILLE UNIVERSITY -- Florida Times-Union article entitled "Sept. 21, 1946: JU Nearly Moved to Cecil Field, But Navy Stayed," by Bill Foley. Tells how Jacksonville University was almost located at Cecil Field during the 1940s.  

• JACKSONVILLE UNIVERSITY -- Florida Times-Union article entitled "Kinne Offers Glimpse of Life Filled with Firsts," by Karen Brune Mathis.  Tells about Fran Kinne, a president of Jacksonville University and the first woman to serve as a university president in Florida.

• JACKSONVILLE UNIVERSITY -- JU Magazine article entitled "A River Runs Through It."  Focuses on the interrelationship between Jacksonville University and the St. Johns River.  Info is also given about the selection of the university's site on the river.

• JACKSONVILLE UNIVERSITY -- Brief history from Nova Southeastern University.

• JACKSONVILLE UNIVERSITY -- Brief info from the University of Miami Libraries.

• LANDON HIGH -- Florida Times-Union article entitled "Then There Were 3 High Schools in City," by Bill Foley.  Tells about the breaking of Duval High School into Lee, Landon, and Jackson high schools during the 1920s.

• LEE HIGH SCHOOL -- Florida Times-Union article entitled "Then There Were 3 High Schools in City," by Bill Foley.  Tells about the breaking of Duval High School into Lee, Landon, and Jackson high schools during the 1920s.

• LYTLE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL -- SEE "ANNIE LYTLE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL"

• OLD STANTON HIGH SCHOOL -- History of the celebrated African American school.  From the website for Stanton College Prep. 

• LORETTO ELEMENTARY SCHOOL -- The long history of Loretto Elementary, from the school's website.

• RAINES HIGH -- The Desegregation of a Historically Black High School in Jacksonville, Florida (Raines High School) by Judith Bockel Poppell either is or will be available online in its entirety.  It is being provided by the Florida Heritage Collection.

• ROBERT E. LEE HIGH -- Several Florida Times-Union articles entitled "Journey to the Past," by Dan Scanlan.  The articles tell about student life at Robert E. Lee High School during the mid 1960s.  NOTE:  When you get to the articles, see the accompanying links for interviews with former Lee students.

• ROBERT E. LEE HIGH -- Florida Times-Union article entitled "Millennium Moment: January 19, 1928," by Bill Foley.  Gives info about the opening of Lee High School.

• SCHOOL # 4 (ANNIE LYTLE) -- SEE  GHOSTS, MONSTERS, & UFOs

• ST. CLAIR EVANS ACADEMY -- Florida Times-Union article entitled, "Crime Plays a Role in Name of School," by Bill Foley. Tells about The former Moncrief Elementary School is now St. Clair Evans Academy

• STANTON HIGH SCHOOL -- SEE "OLD STANTON HIGH SCHOOL"

• UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA -- Timeline of the university's history.  Furnished by the university.

• UNIVERSITY OF NORTH FLORIDA -- "From Scratch Pads and Dreams: A Ten Year History of the University of North Florida," by Daniel L. Schafer.  NOTE:  The entire text of this source is available online.  It's provided in the wonderful website called the "Florida Heritage Collection," maintained by the State University System of Florida.   When you get to the website, you can search by keywords.  Just type in "Jacksonville," or "Duval County," or other keywords, such as words from a title.  ALSO NOTE: Most of the individual Jacksonville items in the Florida Heritage Collection are listed in JacksonvilleStory.com, the site you're now in. 

• UNIVERSITY OF NORTH FLORIDA -- "University of North Florida Fact Book" (1979) either is or will be available online in its entirety.  It is being provided by the Florida Heritage Collection.

• UNIVERSITY OF NORTH FLORIDA -- "A New State University... Opening in 1972 in Jacksonville" either is or will be available online in its entirety.  It is being provided by the Florida Heritage Collection.

• UNIVERSITY OF NORTH FLORIDA -- "New State University in Jacksonville, Florida" (1969) either is or will be available online in its entirety.  It is being provided by the Florida Heritage Collection.

• UNIVERSITY OF NORTH FLORIAD -- "A Public Degree-Granting Institution of Higher Education for Duval County" (1967) either is or will be available online in its entirety.  It is being provided by the Florida Heritage Collection.

• UNIVERSITY OF NORTH FLORIDA -- "University of North Florida" (1971) either is or will be available online in its entirety.  It is being provided by the Florida Heritage Collection.

• WESCONNETT ELEMENTARY -- Florida Times-Union article entitled "Wesconnett Elementary will celebrate its 75th birthday," by Sandy Strickland. 

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