Glossary - continued
EAVES -- the lower edge of a
roof that overhangs
a wall.
ECLECTIC -- a design
incorporating elements
of several different styles.
ECOLE DES BEAUX ARTS -- the
national school
of fine arts in France.
EGG-AND-DART -- a molding
design consisting
of an egg-shaped figure, alternating with an arrowhead form, symbolic
of
life and death.
ENGLISH BOND -- a pattern of
brickwork with
alternating courses of headers and stretchers.
ENTABLATURE -- in classic
architecture, the
horizontal group of elements immediately above the columns or pilasters
and consisting of an architrave, frieze, and cornice.
ESPLANADE -- a landscaped
concourse or pathway.
FACADE -- a face of a building,
usually the
front.
FANLIGHT -- a semicircular or
semi-elliptical
window with radiating muntins, usually over a door or in a gable.
FASCIA -- a flat horizontal
band usually found
in combination with moldings, such as the corona of a classical
cornice,
or a face board covering rafter ends.
FERRO-CONCRETE -- reinforced
concrete, concrete
construction reinforced by embedded steel bars or mesh.
FINIAL -- a crowing ornament at
the top of
a spire, gable or post.
FLEMISH BOND -- a pattern of
brickwork with
alternate headers and stretchers in each course.
FLEUR-DE-LIS -- a
conventionalized iris used
as a decorative form.
FLUTED -- containing vertical
rounded parallel
grooves.
FRAME -- the skeleton structure
of a building
(noun); of wooden construction (adjective).
FRENCH DOOR -- one of a pair of
doors filled
with glazed panels and hinged on the side.
FRENCH ROOFING TILE -- a flat
corrugated tile
with interlocking joints on the side.
FRET -- an ornamental band
consisting of small
straight bars intersecting each other.
FRIEZE -- a sculptured or
ornamental horizontal
band that, in classical architecture, occurs just below the cornice.
GABLE -- the upper part of the
end wall of
a building, enclosed under the eaves of a pitched roof.
GALLERY -- a roofed
promenade; a museum;
a connecting room.
GAMBREL ROOF -- a roof with a
double pitch,
with a lower steeper slope and an upper flatter one.
GARGOYLE -- a water spout in
the form of a
grotesque human or animal projecting from a roof or wall.
GAZEBO -- an open pavilion like
a belvedere,
usually located on a lawn or in a garden.
GINGERBREAD -- intricate wooden
ornamentation
on Victorian buildings.
GIRDER -- a main horizontal
beam that supports
secondary cross beams.
GLASS BRICKS -- a hollow
structural block made
of glass; a hollow glass block laid up with mortar, producing the
structural qualities of a wall and yet admitting light.
GOTHIC -- relating to medieval
western European
architecture, characterized by balanced masonry thrusts, ribbed vaults,
buttresses, pointed arches, and stone tracery.
GRANITE -- a crystalline
igneous rock of coarse
texture and great strength, used as a building material.
GRIFFIN -- a mythical animal,
half eagle and
half lion.
GRILLE -- a grating that forms
a barrier or
screen.
GROTESQUE -- a decorative
sculptural detail,
usually a fanciful human, animal, or foliate form.
GROTTO -- a cave or artificial
recess made
to resemble a cave.
GUNITE -- a concrete mixture
sprayed onto a
metal framework by compressed air.
HALF-TIMBER -- construction of
wood framing
with spaces filled with masonry.
HAMMER BEAM -- a short beam
projecting from
an interior wall and supporting arch braces, which in turn support the
roof.
HEADER -- a brick laid so that
only its end
appears on the face of the wall.
HERRINGBONE -- stone, brick, or
tile work in
which the units are laid diagonally, with alternating courses lying in
opposite directions to form a zigzag pattern.
HEWN -- roughly cut, by axe,
adze, or chisel.
HIP ROOF -- a roof having
sloping sides and
sloping ends.
HIP -- the external angle
formed by the meeting
of two sloping roof surfaces.
HOLLOW TILE -- a hollow block
made of fired
clay, used for the construction of walls.
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