Glossary - continued
EAVES -- the lower edge of a roof that overhangs
a wall.
ECLECTIC -- a design incorporating elements
of several different styles.
ECOLE DES BEAUX ARTS -- the national school
of fine arts in France.
EGG-AND-DART -- a molding design consisting
of an egg-shaped figure, alternating with an arrowhead form, symbolic of
life and death.
ENGLISH BOND -- a pattern of brickwork with
alternating courses of headers and stretchers.
ENTABLATURE -- in classic architecture, the
horizontal group of elements immediately above the columns or pilasters
and consisting of an architrave, frieze, and cornice.
ESPLANADE -- a landscaped concourse or pathway.
FACADE -- a face of a building, usually the
front.
FANLIGHT -- a semicircular or semi-elliptical
window with radiating muntins, usually over a door or in a gable.
FASCIA -- a flat horizontal band usually found
in combination with moldings, such as the corona of a classical cornice,
or a face board covering rafter ends.
FERRO-CONCRETE -- reinforced concrete, concrete
construction reinforced by embedded steel bars or mesh.
FINIAL -- a crowing ornament at the top of
a spire, gable or post.
FLEMISH BOND -- a pattern of brickwork with
alternate headers and stretchers in each course.
FLEUR-DE-LIS -- a conventionalized iris used
as a decorative form.
FLUTED -- containing vertical rounded parallel
grooves.
FRAME -- the skeleton structure of a building
(noun); of wooden construction (adjective).
FRENCH DOOR -- one of a pair of doors filled
with glazed panels and hinged on the side.
FRENCH ROOFING TILE -- a flat corrugated tile
with interlocking joints on the side.
FRET -- an ornamental band consisting of small
straight bars intersecting each other.
FRIEZE -- a sculptured or ornamental horizontal
band that, in classical architecture, occurs just below the cornice.
GABLE -- the upper part of the end wall of
a building, enclosed under the eaves of a pitched roof.
GALLERY -- a roofed promenade; a museum;
a connecting room.
GAMBREL ROOF -- a roof with a double pitch,
with a lower steeper slope and an upper flatter one.
GARGOYLE -- a water spout in the form of a
grotesque human or animal projecting from a roof or wall.
GAZEBO -- an open pavilion like a belvedere,
usually located on a lawn or in a garden.
GINGERBREAD -- intricate wooden ornamentation
on Victorian buildings.
GIRDER -- a main horizontal beam that supports
secondary cross beams.
GLASS BRICKS -- a hollow structural block made
of glass; a hollow glass block laid up with mortar, producing the
structural qualities of a wall and yet admitting light.
GOTHIC -- relating to medieval western European
architecture, characterized by balanced masonry thrusts, ribbed vaults,
buttresses, pointed arches, and stone tracery.
GRANITE -- a crystalline igneous rock of coarse
texture and great strength, used as a building material.
GRIFFIN -- a mythical animal, half eagle and
half lion.
GRILLE -- a grating that forms a barrier or
screen.
GROTESQUE -- a decorative sculptural detail,
usually a fanciful human, animal, or foliate form.
GROTTO -- a cave or artificial recess made
to resemble a cave.
GUNITE -- a concrete mixture sprayed onto a
metal framework by compressed air.
HALF-TIMBER -- construction of wood framing
with spaces filled with masonry.
HAMMER BEAM -- a short beam projecting from
an interior wall and supporting arch braces, which in turn support the
roof.
HEADER -- a brick laid so that only its end
appears on the face of the wall.
HERRINGBONE -- stone, brick, or tile work in
which the units are laid diagonally, with alternating courses lying in
opposite directions to form a zigzag pattern.
HEWN -- roughly cut, by axe, adze, or chisel.
HIP ROOF -- a roof having sloping sides and
sloping ends.
HIP -- the external angle formed by the meeting
of two sloping roof surfaces.
HOLLOW TILE -- a hollow block made of fired
clay, used for the construction of walls. |